Scientific works in the theories of finances and credit, in line with the specification of the investigation object, are characterized to be many-sided and many-leveled.

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The definition of totality of the economical relations formed in the act of formation, distribution and usage of finances, as money sources is widely spread. For example, in "the overall theory of finances" you will find two definitions of finances:

Finances reflect economical relations, formation of the funds of money sources, in the act of distribution and redistribution of national receipts according to the distribution and usage ".This definition is given relatively to the conditions of Capitalism, when cash-commodity relations gain universal character;

Finances represent the forming of centralized ad decentralized money sources, economical relations relatively with the distribution and usage, which serve for fulfillment of their state functions and obligations and also provision of the conditions of the widened further production ".This definition is brought without showing the environmental surroundings of its action. We share partly such explanation of finances and think expedient to produce some specification.

First, finances overcome the bounds of distribution and redistribution service of the national income, though it is a basic foundation of finances. Also, formation and usage of the depreciation fund that will be the element of financial domain, belongs never to the distribution and redistribution of the national income (of newly formed value during a year), but to the distribution of already developed value.

This latest first appears to be an integral part of value of main industrial funds, later it's moved to the price price of a ready product (that is always to the value too) and as a result of its realization, and it's set the depression fund. Its source is taken under consideration in advance as a depression kind in the consistence of the ready products cost price.

Second, absolute goal of finances is a lot wider then "fulfillment of the state functions and obligations and provision of conditions for the widened further production ".Finances exist on their state level and also on the manufactures and branches'level too, and such conditions, when the most the main manufactures are not state.

V. M. Rodionova includes a different position about any of it subject: "real formation of the financial resources begins on the stage of distribution, when the worth is realized and concrete economical forms of the realized value are separated from the consistence of the profit ".V. M. Rodionova makes an accent of finances, as distributing relations, when D. S. Moliakov underlines industrial foundation of finances. Though both of them give quite substantiate discussion of finances, as something of formation, distribution and usage of the funds of money sources, that comes from the following definition of the finances: "financial cash relations, which forms in the act of distribution and redistribution of the partial value of the national wealth and total social product, is related with the subjects of the economy and formation and usage of the state cash incomes and savings in the widened further production, in the material stimulation of the workers for satisfaction of the society social and other requests ".

In the manuals of the political economy we meet with the following definitions of finances:

"Finances of the socialistic state represent economical (cash) relations, with the aid of which, in the manner of planned distribution of the incomes and savings the funds of money sources of their state and socialistic manufactures are formed for guaranteeing the growth of the production, rising the material and cultural level of the people and for satisfying other general society requests ".

"The device of creation and usage of necessary funds of cash resources for guarantying socialistic widened further production represent precisely the finances of the socialistic society. And the totality of economical relations arisen between state, manufactures and organizations, branches, regions and separate citizen based on the movement of cash funds make financial relations ".

As we've seen, definitions of finances produced by financiers and political economists do not differ greatly.

In every discussed position you will find:

If refuse the preposition "socialistic" in this is of finances, we may say, so it still keeps actuality. We meet with such traditional definitions of finances, lacking any adjective "socialistic", in the current economical literature. We might give this elucidation: "finances represent cash resources of production and usage, also cash relations appeared along the way of distributing values of formed economical product and national wealth for formation and further production of the money incomes and savings of the economical subjects and state, rewarding of the workers and satisfaction of the social requests ".in this elucidation of finances like D. S. Moliakov and V. M. Rodionov's definitions, following the traditional inheritance, we meet with the widening of the financial foundation. They concern "distribution and redistribution of the worthiness of created economical product, also the partial distribution of the worth of national wealth ".This latest is very actual, relatively to the method of privatization and the transition to privacy and is periodically utilized in practice in numerous countries, as an example, Great Britain and France.

"Finances - are cash sources, financial resources, their creation and movement, distribution and redistribution, usage, also economical relations, which are conditioned by intercalculations between the economical subjects, movement of cash sources, money circulation and usage ".

"Finances are the device of economical relations, which are connected with firm creation, distribution and usage of financial resources ".

We meet with absolutely innovational definitions of finances in Z. Body and R. Merton's basis manuals. "Finance - it is the science about how exactly the folks lead spending `the deficit cash resources and incomes in the definite period of time. The financial decisions are characterized by the expenses and incomes which are 1) separated with time, and 2) usually, it's impossible to take them into consideration beforehand neither by those that get decisions nor some other person"."Financial theory includes amounts of the conceptions... which learns systematically the subjects of distribution of the cash resources relatively to the full time factor; in addition it considers quantitative models, with the aid of which the estimation, putting into practice and realization of the choice variants of every financial decisions take place".

These basic conceptions and quantitative models are utilized at every level of having financial decisions, however in the latest definition of finances, we meet with the next doctrine of the financial foundation: main function of the finances is in the satisfaction of the people's requests; the subjects of economical activities of all kinds (firms, also state organs of each and every level) are directed towards fulfilling this basic function.

For the goals of our monograph, it is important to compare well-known definitions about finances, credit and investment, to choose how and how much it is possible to integrate the finances, investments and credit into usually the one total part.

Some researcher thing that credit is the consisting element of finances, if it's discussed from the career of essence and category. One other, more numerous group proves, an economical sounding credit exists parallel to the economical category of finances, by which it underlines impossibility of the credit's existence in the consistence of finances.

Kuchukova underlined the independence of the category of credit and notes it is only its "characteristic feature the turned movement of the value, which can be not related with transmission of the loan opportunities alongside the owners'rights ".

Barkovski replies that functioning of money created an economical basis for apportioning finances and credit as an independent category and gave rise to the credit and financial relations. He noticed the Gnoseological roots of science in money and credit, since the science about finances has business with the study of such economical relations, which lean upon cash flow and credit.

Let's discuss the absolute most spread definitions of credit. in the present day publications credit appeared to be "luckier", then finances. For instance, we meet with the next definition of credit in the finance-economical dictionary: "credit is the loan in the form of cash and commodity with the conditions of returning, usually, by paying percent. Credit represents a form of movement of the loan capital and expresses economical relations between the creditor and borrower ".

Here is the traditional definition of credit. In the earlier dictionary of the economy we read: "credit is the device of economical relations, which is formed as the transmission of cash and material means into the temporal usage, as a rule beneath the conditions of returning and paying percent ".

In the manual of the political economy published under reduced total of V. A. Medvedev the following definition is given: "credit, as a cost-effective category, expresses the created relations involving the society, labour collective and workers during formation and usage of the loan funds, beneath the terms of paying present and returning, during transmission of sources for the temporal usage and accumulation ".

Credit is discussed in these way in the sooner education-methodological manuals of political economy: "credit is the device of money relations, which will be created along the way of using and mobilization of temporarily free cash method of the state budget, unions, manufactures, organizations and population. Credit posseses an objective character. It is useful for providing widened further production of the state and other needs. Credit differs from finances by the returning character, while financing of manufactures and organizations by the state is fulfilled without this disorder ".

We meet with the following definition if "the length of economy": "credit is a cost-effective category, which represents relations, as the separate industrial organizations or persons transmit money means to each-other for temporal usage beneath the conditions of returning. Creation of credit is conditioned by way of a historical process of fulfilling the economical and money relations, the proper execution of which can be the cash relation ".